不同有机肥处理对紫色土油茶林土壤微生物碳源利用的影响

微生物群落碳代谢功能多样性对土壤管理具有重要指示作用,以福建省宁化县紫色土水土侵蚀区油茶人工林不同坡位土壤为研究对象,采用Biolog技术对天然有机物料有机肥(T1)、有机无机复合肥(T2)、禽畜粪便有机(T3)共3种有机肥处理以及不施肥处理(CK)下的土壤微生物碳源利用能力进行了研究。研究结果显示:T1、T2、T3处理下不同坡位土壤的吸光值平均颜色变化率(AWCD)相比于施肥前都有所增加,而CK处理土壤AWCD值无显著变化,不同处理下土壤AWCD值提高的大小顺序表现为T2T1T3CK;Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数以及McIntosh优势度指数大小顺序均表现为T2T1T3CK;相同处理下不同坡位土壤AWCD值、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数以及McIntosh均匀度指数大小顺序总体呈现下坡中坡上坡;Shannon指数与土壤容重和自然含水率呈极显著或显著负相关,与pH值、全碳和全氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关;McIntosh指数与土壤容重、自然含水率、pH值、全碳和全氮含量呈极显著或显著正相关;氨基酸类是各处理后土壤微生物利用的主要碳源类型,主成分分析表明T1、T2、T3处理下土壤微生物对6类碳源利用能力相比于对照具有较大差异,T1和T3处理对于6类碳源的利用具有相似性,T2处理与T3处理之间对于6类碳源利用差异主要在于碳水化合物类碳源。综上,有机无机复合肥的施入更有利于紫色土丘陵区油茶人工林土壤微生物碳源利用能力的提高,以上结论可为制定紫色土丘陵区合理施肥制度的设置、农业优化管理措施提供依据。     

屋面全开启拱形连栋膜温室设计与应用

该文以屋面全开启拱形连栋膜温室项目为例,详细论述了屋面全开启拱形连栋膜温室的结构设计。研究表明,屋面全开启拱形连栋膜温室排风口接近温室顶部,大大提高了通风面积,可快速除去温室内的高温高湿空气,达到快速交换空气的效果,同时可为作物生长提供自然光照。     

Effect of L-lysine Added in Diluent on the Fresh Semen Quality of Dorper Sheep

In order to explore the effect of different L-lysine levels added in semen dilution on the fresh Dorper sheep quality stored at liquid state,3 health Dorper ram were used to collect semen which were equal-packaged and added to solution containing different levels (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 g) L-lysine in 120 mL diluent and at 0,6,24,30,48,54,72 and 78 h,the sperm motility,membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were detected.The results showed that the sperm motility in groups added 0,0.1 and 0.2 g L-lysine were higher than other groups,and that in 0.4 and 0.5 g L-lysine groups decreased faster than other groups;The sperm motility in 0.5 g L-lysine group reduced to 0 at 30 h,and it reduced to 0 at 48 h in the group added 0.4 g L-lysine;The effective survival time and survival index in the group added 0.1 g L-lysine was higher than other groups (P< 0.05);The membrane integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest,that had no significant difference with control group from 0 to 54 h (P >0.05),while after 72 h the two groups had significant differences (P< 0.05).The membrane integrity in 0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,and that was significant different with other groups (P< 0.05);The acrosome integrity of 0.1 g group was the highest which had no significant difference with control group (P >0.05),0.4 and 0.5 g groups were the worst,the difference between them was not significant (P >0.05),while was extremely significant difference with other groups except for 0 and 6 h (P< 0.01).The results suggested that dilution added a high concentration of L-lysine could inhibit sperm quality,when the count of L-lysine was more than 0.2 g,sperm quality was significantly decreased,adding 0.1 g L-lysine could improve Dorper sheep fresh sperm quality stored at liquid state.     

小麦淀粉颗粒蛋白-1突变体挖掘及其相关农艺性状和品质特点的分析

小麦淀粉颗粒蛋-1(starch granule protein 1,即SGP-1)突变体是选育高直链淀粉含量、高抗性淀粉小麦品种的重要基础材料。SGP-1突变缺失,使胚乳中支链淀粉侧链的延伸受阻,从而使胚乳表观直链淀粉含量相对升高,所制食品的抗性淀粉含量也相应提高,具有重要的保健意义。本研究主要是利用SDS-PAGE方法,检测307份国内外农家种、育成种、高代品系及国内外黑小麦材料的SGP-1(SGP-A1、SGP-B1和SGP-D1)蛋白组成,进而发掘SGP-1突变体;并对突变体材料进行相关农艺性状和品质性状特点的分析,为育种利用及品质改良提供参考。结果共检测到4份SGP-1突变体,均为冬性材料,其中国外材料3份(CH62444、EAP74961和Amigo)、高代品系1份(05黑初8),分别为SGP-A1单缺体,SGPA1和-D1双缺体,SGP-A1和-B1双缺体,以及SGP-A1单缺体。在主要农艺性状方面,EAP74961、05黑初8和Amigo抽穗期与石4185(CK)相近,而CH62444则抽穗较晚,并且3份国外材料植株均较高。这4份突变体材料麸皮中的非水溶性戊聚糖含量相对于水溶性戊聚糖占绝对优势,而胚乳中非水溶性戊聚糖含量与水溶性戊聚糖含量则较为接近,但CH62444、Amigo和05黑初8麸皮中的总戊聚糖含量较高(分别为14.33%,15.20%和12.91%),而EAP74961面粉中的总戊聚糖含量(1.34%)较高。在淀粉组分含量方面,4份突变体材料差异不大。     

秋种马铃薯高产栽培技术

经过多年多点示范,总结出高山秋种马铃薯高产栽培技术。即秋种马铃薯以选择排灌水方便的沙壤土或黄壤土为宜,忌与茄科作物连作;8月上中旬,采用单垄双行双三角形播种,密度5.25万~6.00万株/hm2;合理施肥,注意防治病虫害。     

茂兰喀斯特森林溪流蜻蜓目昆虫资源调查初报

通过调查和鉴定,从茂兰喀斯特森林溪流采集到蜻蜓63种,隶属11科,其中,蜻科25种,春蜓科4种,蟌科7种,蜓科6种,扇蟌科5种,大蜻科2种,色蟌科3种,溪蟌科4种,丽蟌科2种,隼蟌科4种,山蟌科1种;跳长尾蜓、黑尾灰蜻、黑丽翅蜻、红痣绿色蟌、大溪蟌、点斑隼蟌、白腹小蟌属于贵州新记录种。     

Effect of supplemental dietary zinc sources on the growth and carbohydrate utilization of tilapia Smith 1840, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental dietary zinc sources on the growth performance and carbohydrate utilization of juvenile tilapia Smith 1840, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. The goal was to compare the bioavailability of two zinc sources, zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) or zinc methionine (ZnMet), by using two practical basal diets with 350 g kg^?1 (C350) or 400 g kg^?1 (C400) carbohydrates based on wheat as the carbohydrate source. The results showed that fish fed with a diet supplemented with 60 mg kg^?1 Zn from either ZnSO₄ or ZnMet had a significantly (P < 0.05) greater specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio than those fed with the diets of ≤30 mg kg^?1 Zn. The composition of tilapia carcass was also found to be influenced by various levels of dietary zinc from the two zinc sources. The G6P‐DH in fish fed with the 20 mg kg^?1 ZnMet diet and the PK levels in fish fed with 20 mg kg^?1 ZnSO₄ and 30 mg kg^?1 ZnMet diet were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in fish fed with the C400 diet. The data suggest that supplemental dietary zinc from either ZnMet or ZnSO₄ significantly affects the growth performance and carbohydrate utilization of tilapia.     

中国沙棘良种选育及遗传改良研究进展与展望

中国沙棘良种选育及遗传改良研究虽起步较晚但进展迅速,在优良品种选育、优异种质引种及遗传改良等方面的研究中取得了重大进展.为给中国沙棘资源的可持续利用提供理论依据和科技支撑,在汲取国内相关研究成果及查阅有关学术论文的基础上,综述了中国沙棘优良类型选择、优良个体(品种)选育、引种驯化、杂交育种及遗传改良等领域的研究进展,指...